What is a Chord? A chord is the simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches. The first chords we learn are the triads, where each note is separated by the interval of a third. In these triads, the first note is called the root (or fundamental), the second is called the third (because it is…
Category: Music Theory
How to Find the Key Signature for Major and Minor Scales
Let’s look at some useful tips for identifying the key signature or the specific scale on a piano score. How can we determine how many sharps or flats a scale has, or name a key based on the accidentals shown at the start of the staff? Let’s follow a systematic process based on memorisation and…
Minor Scales
In Western music, we work with three different forms of the minor scales. The Natural Minor Scale is built using natural notes without any accidentals, and is classified as a purely diatonic scale. In addition to the natural form, we have the Harmonic Minor and the Melodic Minor, each of which features a different sequence of whole tones and semitones. Notably,…
Major Scales
The first major scale we learn is C Major, which acts as our primary model for the sequence of whole tones and semitones. It is also known as the Natural Major Scale. The sequence of whole tones and semitones is: Whole Tone (or just Tone)-T-S-T-T-T-S. Major Scales with Sharps The major scales with sharps, in order, are: G, D, A, E, B, F#, and…
Chapter 5: Harmonic Intervals – Consonance & Dissonance
In the world of music theory, harmonic intervals are the building blocks of every chord we hear. Understanding how these intervals work, and how they resolve, is the key to creating emotional tension and release in the pieces we study, analyse, or even compose. What are Harmonic Intervals? A harmonic interval, as we have already…
Chapter 4: Diatonic & Chromatic Intervals
In music theory, the distinction is based on whether an interval occurs naturally within the Major and Minor Scales or if it requires “artificial” chromatic. (SOS: See the note at the end of the post!) 1. Interval of a 2nd 2. Interval of a 3rd 3. Intervals of a 4th & 5th (The “Universal” Diatonics)…
Chapter 2: Simple & Compound Musical Intervals
What is a Musical Intervals? Beyond the numerical names (size) (αριθμητικό μέγεθος ή γένος) of musical intervals, which show the distance between two notes, we can see that a C-E sounds different from a C-Eb. (You can find these in Chapter 1). This happens because they have a different number of tones and semitones. This…
What is Solfège?
Solfège is a music system that connects every musical pitch with a specific syllable. By giving each note a “name”, we make it singable. This simple connection is one of the best ways to improve your musical skills. Why is Solfège Important? This system is like a workout for your musical brain. It helps you…
Scales, Keys & Modes: A Clear Guide for Music Students
In Western tonal Music, the concept of scale, key, and mode form the structural basis of pitch organisation. In this article, we will explore the difference between these terms and use practical examples to make each concept easy to understand. What is a Scale? A scale is a sequence of musical pitches arranged within one…
Chapter 2: Understanding Enharmonic Scales, Theoretical Keys & the Circle of Fifths
After learning about major scales with sharps and flats, it is time to explore enharmonic scales. Understanding these scales is essential to fully grasp the Circle of Fifths and how all key signatures relate. Enharmonic Scales Now that we have analysed major scales and their key signatures with sharps and flats, let’s talk about enharmonic…